MyBatis1-入门

2020-04-27

字数统计: 2.5k字 | 阅读时长≈ 13分

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MyBatis

是一个对JDBC的封装，是一个数据持久化框架

优点

减少代码量，降低维护成本，讲SQL写到XML中，降低耦合度，支持动态SQL语句，支持标签映射，

缺点

SQL编写工作量大，SQL语句依赖数据库，导致移植性较差

核心接口和类

SqlSessionFactoryBuilder - SqlSessionFactory - SqlSession

开发方式

使用原生接口或者用Mapper代理实现自定义接口

实际操作

导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>

<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>

            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>

    </resources>
</build>

创建表
创建表对应的实体类
创建MyBatis配置文件MyBatis.xml

<environments default="development">
    <environment id="development">
        <!-- 配置JDBC事务管理 -->
        <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
        <!-- POOLED配置JDBC数据源连接池 -->
        <dataSource type="POOLED">
            <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>
            <property name="username" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="123456"></property>
        </dataSource>
    </environment>
    <environment id="other">
        <!--            write-->
    </environment>
</environments>

创建Mapper.xml
namespace 设置为文件所在包+文件名,insert表示执行insert,id是参数，parameterType是类型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wsx.mapper.AccoutMapper">

    <insert id="save" parameterType="com.wsx.entity.Account">
      insert into t_account(username,password,age) values(#{username},#{password},#{age})
    </insert>

</mapper>

注册SQL语句

<!-- 注册AccountMapper.xml -->
<mappers>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/mapper/AccountMapper.xml"></mapper>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/repository/AccountRepository.xml"></mapper>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/repository/StudentRepository.xml"></mapper>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/repository/ClassesRepository.xml"/>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/repository/CustomerRepository.xml"/>
    <mapper resource="com/wsx/repository/GoodsRepository.xml"/>
</mappers>

调用接口

//加载MyBatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream = Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
String statement = "com.wsx.mapper.AccoutMapper.save";
Account account = new Account(1L,"张三","123123",22);
sqlSession.insert(statement,account);
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();

自定义接口

1
2
3

public interface AccountRepository {
    public int save(Account account);
    public int update(Account account);

<insert id="save" parameterType="com.wsx.entity.Account">
    insert into t_account(username,password,age) values(#{username},#{password},#{age})
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="com.wsx.entity.Account">
    update t_account set username = #{username},password = #{password},age = #{age} where id = #{id}
</update>

InputStream inputStream = Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取实现接口的代理对象
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
accountRepository.()

传入多个变量

1
2
3

<select id="findByNameAndAge" resultType="com.wsx.entity.Account">
    select * from t_account where username = #{arg0} and age = #{arg1}
</select>

查询深入

多对一

比方这个, 我们查询出来有多个id，这时候，student对象的id会匹配第一个，name也是，所以查询出来classes就null了
我们需要使用resultMap来处理


@Data
public class Classes {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;
}

@Data
public class Student {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private Classes classes;
}

<resultMap id="studentMap" type="com.wsx.entity.Student">
    <id column="id" property="id"></id>
    <result column="name" property="name"></result>
    <association property="classes" javaType="com.wsx.entity.Classes">
        <id column="cid" property="id"></id>
        <result column="cname" property="name"></result>
    </association>
</resultMap>

<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="studentMap">
    select s.id,s.name,c.id as cid,c.name as cname from student s,classes c where s.id = #{id} and s.cid = c.id
</select>

一对多

<resultMap id="classesMap" type="com.wsx.entity.Classes">
    <id column="cid" property="id"></id>
    <result column="cname" property="name"></result>
    <collection property="students" ofType="com.wsx.entity.Student">
        <id column="id" property="id"/>
        <result column="name" property="name"/>
    </collection>
</resultMap>

<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="classesMap">
    select s.id,s.name,c.id as cid,c.name as cname from student s,classes c where c.id = #{id} and s.cid = c.id
</select>

逆向工程

传统开发中，实体类、自定义Mapper接口、Mapper.xml 需要开发者手动创建，逆向工程可以帮助开发者来自动创建三个组件，减少工作量

MBG

MyBatis Generator ，一个专门为MyBatis框架开发者定制的代码生成器

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.11</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">
<generatorConfiguration>
    <context id="testTables" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">
        <jdbcConnection
                driverClass="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
                connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"
                userId="root"
                password="123456"
        ></jdbcConnection>
        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.wsx.entity" targetProject="./src/main/java"></javaModelGenerator>
        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.wsx.repository" targetProject="./src/main/java"></sqlMapGenerator>
        <javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.wsx.repository" targetProject="./src/main/java"></javaClientGenerator>
        <table tableName="t_user" domainObjectName="User"></table>
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

1、jdbcConnection 配置数据库连接信息。
2、javaModelGenerator 配置 JavaBean 的⽣成策略。
3、sqlMapGenerator 配置 SQL 映射⽂件⽣成策略。
4、javaClientGenerator 配置 Mapper 接⼝的⽣成策略。
5、table 配置⽬标数据表（tableName：表名，domainObjectName：JavaBean 类名）。
生成代码如下，这个代码不重要，跑就完事了, 他就给我们生成了很多sql

List<String> warings = new ArrayList<String>();
boolean overwrite = true;
String genCig = "/generatorConfig.xml";
File configFile = new File(Main.class.getResource(genCig).getFile());
ConfigurationParser configurationParser = new ConfigurationParser(warings);
Configuration configuration = null;
try {
    configuration = configurationParser.parseConfiguration(configFile);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XMLParserException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
DefaultShellCallback callback = new DefaultShellCallback(overwrite);
MyBatisGenerator myBatisGenerator = null;
try {
    myBatisGenerator = new MyBatisGenerator(configuration,callback,warings);
} catch (InvalidConfigurationException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
    myBatisGenerator.generate(null);
} catch (SQLException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

延迟加载

先配置

<settings>
    <!-- 打印SQL-->
    <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    <!-- 开启延迟加载 -->
    <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>

然后把多表关联查询拆分成多个单表查询, 调用接口的时候再去查询，不用就不查询，比方有图书表和图书类型表，我们查到了一些类型，这就是一个单表查询，如果你不去调用getBook，接下来的查询就不会进行, 慎用，这个东西讲一次查询拆成了多次，这可能导致性能降低

MyBatis缓存

我干嘛不用redis？

一级缓存

默认开启且不可关闭,是SqlSession级别的，用HashMap实现，不同的SqlSession之间的数据区域互不影响, 当执行了DML操作(insert,update,delete),就要清空缓存

二级缓存

多个SqlSession共用同一个缓存，依然是HashMap实现
在config.xml中开启

<settings>
    <!-- 打印SQL-->
    <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    <!-- 开启延迟加载 -->
    <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
    <!-- 开启二级缓存 -->
    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>

在Mapper.xml 中加入

1	<cache></cache>

实体类要实现序列化(Serializable)

第三方缓存

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.3</version>
</dependency>

配置第三方缓存，ehcache.xml

<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
    <diskStore/>
    <defaultCache
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
            eternal="false"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="120"
            timeToLiveSeconds="120"
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
    </defaultCache>
</ehcache>

在config.xml中开启（同上)
最后在mapper.xml中配置缓存失效间隔、回收策略, 这里就不需要实现序列化了

<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache">
    <!-- 缓存创建之后，最后一次访问缓存的时间至缓存失效的时间间隔 -->
    <property name="timeToIdleSeconds" value="3600"/>
    <!-- 缓存自创建时间起至失效的时间间隔 -->
    <property name="timeToLiveSeconds" value="3600"/>
    <!-- 缓存回收策略，LRU表示移除近期使用最少的对象 -->
    <property name="memoryStoreEvictionPolicy" value="LRU"/>
</cache>

动态SQL

where 控制 and是否删除，
if 控制是否存在,
这里我不深入了…会用就行

<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="com.wsx.entity.Account" resultType="com.wsx.entity.Account">
    select * from t_account
    <where>
        <if test="id!=0">
            id = #{id}
        </if>
        <if test="username!=null">
            and username = #{username}
        </if>
        <if test="password!=null">
            and password = #{password}
        </if>
        <if test="age!=0">
            and age = #{age}
        </if>
    </where>
</select>

参考资料

4小时学会MyBatis
你真的懂了mybatis延迟加载吗？

本文作者： fightinggg
本文链接： http://fightinggg.github.io/yilia/yilia/Q9FQAC.html
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